This report, commissioned by ECDC and produced by the Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, gathers evidence regarding population-level, and to some extent, individual-level effects of the use of antiretroviral treatment to prevent HIV infection, and relating it to current HIV treatment guidelines.

The report concludes that antiretroviral treatment has well documented benefits in reducing transmission of HIV, and has had major population level impact on HIV acquisition in children from HIV positive mothers. However it goes on to state that this policy cannot be used for all people with diagnosed HIV without understanding whether there is a benefit for personal health.