After breast cancer, cervical cancer is the most common cancer among young women in Europe, and human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main cause of cervical cancer. ECDC highlights the good news that in combination with routine cervical screening, HPV vaccination can prevent cervical cancer.
Detection of avian flu antibodies in Dutch dairy cow: ECDC risk assessment remains unchanged
With avian influenza A(H5N1) widely circulating in wild birds and poultry, Dutch public health authorities report that antibodies indicating past exposure have been identified in milk from a dairy cow in the Netherlands.
ECDC issues guidance on doxycycline for STI prevention
ECDC has published public health considerations regarding the use of doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis, commonly known as doxy-PEP, for the prevention of bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
Analysis reveals vaccines greatly reduced hospitalisations for flu and COVID-19
An ECDC modelling study shows that influenza and COVID-19 vaccination programmes strongly reduced hospitalisations among older adults across Europe in the 2024/25 season.
In 2023, 216 cases of diphtheria due to toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae (n=155) or C. ulcerans (n=61) were reported to ECDC. The increase of diphtheria among migrants reported in several EU/EEA countries in the second half of 2022 decreased to lower levels in 2023.
This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) covers the period 17-23 January 2026 and includes updates on respiratory virus epidemiology in the EU/EEA, avian influenza, and Marburg virus disease.
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About ECDC
ECDC collects, analyses and shares data on more than 50 infectious disease topics. ECDC experts assess risks to Europe and provide guidance to help countries prevent and respond to outbreaks and public health threats.
