Resources

References

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  2. World Health Organization. Global progress report on HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections, 2021. Geneva: WHO; 2021.

  3. Blachier M, Leleu H, Peck-Radosavljevic M, Valla DC, Roudot-Thoraval F. The burden of liver disease in Europe: a review of available epidemiological data. J Hepatol. 2013; 58(3): 593-608

  4. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Hepatitis B. In: ECDC. Annual epidemiological report for 2020. Stockholm: ECDC; 2022.
    Available at: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publicationsdata/hepatitis-b-annual-epidemiological-report-2020

  5. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Systematic review on hepatitis B and C prevalence in the EU/EEA. Stockholm: ECDC; 2016.
    Available at: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publicationsdata/systematic-review-hepatitis-b-and-c-prevalence-eueea

  6. ECDC HCV prevalence estimates (collected as part of the HCV modelling project – work currentlyunpublished).

  7. Mårdh O, Quinten C, Amato-Gauci AJ, Duffell E. Mortality from liver diseases attributable to hepatitis B and C in the EU/EEA – descriptive analysis and estimation of 2015 baseline. Infectious Diseases. 2020; 52(9): 625-37.

  8. Bivegete S TA, Thornton Z, Scanlan B, McNaughton AL, Lim AG et al. Estimates of hepatitis B virus prevalence among general population and key risk groups in EU/EEA/UK countries: a systematic review. [Submitted for peer review publication 2022.]

  9. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Hepatitis C. In: ECDC. Annual epidemiological report for 2020. Stockholm: ECDC; 2022.
    Available at: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publicationsdata/hepatitis-c-annual-epidemiological-report-2020

  10. Mason L, Duffell E, Veldhuijzen IK, Petriti U, Bunge EM, Tavoschi L. Hepatitis B and C prevalence and incidence in key populations group with multiple risk factors in the EU/EEA: a systematic review. Eurosurveillance. 2019; 24(30): 1800614.
    Available at: https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.30.1800614

  11. Chiappini E, Parigi S, Galli L, Licari A, Brambilla I, Tosca MA, Ciprandi G, Marseglia G. Impact that the COVID-19 pandemic on routine childhood vaccinations and challenges ahead: a narrative review. ACTA Paediatrica. 2021; 110(9): 2529 – 2535.

  12. Huss G, Magendie C, Pettoello-Mantovani M, Jaeger-Roman E. Implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for pediatric primary care practice in Europe. European Paediatric Association. 2021; 233: 290 – 291.

  13. World Health Organization. WHO/UNICEF estimates of national immunization coverage. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2021. https://www.who.int/teams/immunization-vaccines-andbiologicals/immunization-analysis-and-insights/global-monitoring/immunization-coverage/who-unicefestimates-of-national-immunization-coverage

  14. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. Elimination barometer on viral hepatitis among people who inject drugs in Europe. Luxembourg: EMCDDA; 2021 [14 June 2022].
    Available at: https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/html/viral-hepatitis-elimination-barometer_en

  15. EDQM (Council of Europe). The collection, testing and use of blood and blood components in Europe: 2016 report. Strasbourg, France: EDQM Publishers; 2021.

  16. Rockstroh JK, Boesecke C. Hepatitis C virus treatment as prevention: Challenges and opportunities in men who have sex with men. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2020; 222(S9): S782 – S788.

  17. Lafferty L, Rance J, Dore GJ, Grebely J, Lloyd AR, Treloar C. Hepatitis C treatment as prevention in the prison setting: Assessments of acceptability of treatment scale up efforts by prison correctional and health personnel. International Journal of Drug Policy. 2021; 98: 103379.

  18. Leask JD, Dillon JF. Review Article: Treatment as prevention – targeting pathway towards hepatitis C eradication. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2016; 44: 145 – 156.

  19. Braun DL, Hampel B, Ledergerber B, et al. A treatment-as-prevention trial to eliminate hepatitis C among men who have sex with men living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the Swiss HIV cohort study. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2021; 73(7): e2194 – e2202.

  20. Rigoni R, Tammi T, van der Gouwe D, Moura J, Prins-Schiffer K. Civil society monitoring of harm reduction in Europe, 2021. Data Report. Amsterdam: Correlation – European Harm Reduction Network; 2022.

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  22. The EMIS Network. EMIS-2017 – The European Men-Who-Have-Sex-With-Men Internet Survey. Key Findings from 50 Countries. Stockholm: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control; 2019.

Acknowledgements

This report was produced by Katherine Turpie (National AIDS Trust) and Erika Duffell (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control). The authors would like to thank the following individuals for their invaluable input in providing data and in reviewing the document:

  • Austria

    Ziad El-Khatib

    Irene Kászoni-Rückerl

    Sigrid Kiermayr

    Anna Nagel

    Maria Paulke-Korinek

    Elise Schabus

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    Margit Winterleitner

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    Benoit Kabamba

    Sofieke Klamer

    Els Plettinckx

    Michael Peeters

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    Thomas Vanwolleghem

  • Bulgaria

    Mariya Tyufekchieva

    Tonka Varleva

  • Croatia

    Maja Ilic

    Tatjana Nemeth-Blažić

    Adriana Vince

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    Fani Theophanous

  • Czechia

    Jitka Cástková

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    Sandra Dudavera

    Gyde Steffen

    Ida Sperle-Heupel

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    Georgia Nikolopoulou

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    Jeff Connell

    Suzanne Cotter

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    Aiden McCormick

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  • Italy

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  • ECDC

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  • European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction

    Thomas Seyler

  • WHO Regional Office for Europe

    Giorgi Kuchukhidze

    Antons Mozalevskis