Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and healthcare-associated pneumonia (HAP)

Agencies

US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

• Guidelines for Preventing Health-care-associated Pneumonia (2003)

Center for Health Protection (CHP)

• Recommendations on Prevention of Ventilator-associated Pneumonia (2018)

Professional societies

American Thoracic Society (ATS) / Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA)

• Management of Adults With Hospital-acquired and Ventilator-associated Pneumonia: 2016 Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Thoracic Society (2016)

Asia Pacific Society of Infection Control (APSIC)

• A handbook of Infection Control for the Asian Healthcare Work (2022)

British Society of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (BSAC)

• Guidelines for the management of hospital-acquired pneumonia in the UK. Report of the Working Party on Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (2008)

European Committee on Infection Control (EUCIC)

• The European Committee on Infection Control (EUCIC) EU JAMRAI: Webinar on VAP diagnosis and prevention (2025)

International Society For Infectious diseases (ISID)

• Guide to Infection Control in the Healthcare Setting - Recommendations for The Prevention of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (2024)
• Preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia: A position paper of the International Society for Infectious Diseases, 2024 update

Joint Trauma System

• Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP), 07 May 2020

Society of Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA)

• Strategies to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia, ventilator-associated events, and nonventilator hospital-acquired pneumonia in acute-care hospitals: 2022 Update (SHEA, 2022).

EU/EEA countries

Austria

• Hygienerichtlinien | MedUni Wien

Cyprus

• ΣΤΡΑΤΗΓΙΚΕΣ ΠΡΟΛΗΨΗΣ ΠΝΕΥΜΟΝΙΑΣ ΠΟΥ ΣΧΕΤΙΖΕΤΑΙ ΜΕ ΤΗ ΧΡΗΣΗ ΤΟΥ ΑΝΑΠΝΕΥΣΤΗΡΑ (2024)

Czechia

• Chapter 7.3 page 587, Outbreak investigation in Jindrák V, Hedlová D, Urbášková P, et al. Antibiotická politika a prevence infekcí v nemocnici. 1. vydání. Nakladatelství Mladá fronta 2014, pp. 712, ISBN 978-80-204-2815-8

Denmark

• Nationale Infektionshygiejniske Retningslinjer: Håndtering af udstyr til respirationsterapi (2024)

France

• Pneumonies associées aux soins de réanimation (2018)
• Recommandations pour la Prévention de la transmission par voie respiratoire (2024)

Germany

• Prevention of nosocomial pneumonia (Robert Koch Institute, 2000)
  Prävention der nosokomialen Pneumonie (Kommission für Krankenhaushygiene und Infektionsprävention am Robert Koch-Institut, 2000)
• Prävention der nosokomialen beatmungsassoziierten Pneumonie (2013) 

Hungary

• Az országos tisztifőorvos módszertani levele a gépi lélegeztetéssel összefüggő pneumónia megelőzésére (2019)

Ireland

• Guidelines for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults in Ireland (Health Protection Surveillance Centre - SARI Working Group, 2011)

Lithuania

• Pneumonijų, susijusių su dirbtine plaučių ventiliacija, prevencija (2020) - Higienos institutas

Poland

• Rekomendacje postępowania w zakażeniach układu oddechowego (2016)

Portugal

• Norma nº 021/2015 atualizada a 17/11/2022 - “Feixe de Intervenções” de Prevenção de Pneumonia Associada à Intubação - Portal das Normas Clínicas

Romania

• Ghiduri si protocoale – Institutul Național de Sănătate Publică

Slovenia

• Professional basis and guidelines for the control and prevention of healthcare-associated infections (2009)

Spain

• Seguridad del Paciente - Proyecto Neumonía Zero. Prevención de la neumonía asociada a ventilación mecánica

Countries outside the EU/EEA

Pacific Public Health Surveillance Network (PPHSN)

• Infection Prevention and Control Guidelines-2021

Ukraine

• ПОРЯДОК профілактики інфекційних хвороб, пов’язаних з наданням медичної допомоги в закладах охорони здоров’я, які надають медичну допомогу в стаціонарних умовах (2021)