Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE)

Agencies

Centers for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC)

• Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) Basics (2024)

Professional societies

Asia-Pacific Society of Infection Control (APSIC)

• A handbook of Infection Control for the Asian Healthcare Work (2022)

EU/EEA countries

Austria

• Hygienerichtlinien

Belgium

• MDRO (2022)

Denmark

• National Guidelines on Infection Hygiene: Supplemental recommendations for infections and carriage in the health sector (Statens Serum Institut, 2019).
  Nationale Infektionshygiejniske Retningslinjer: Supplerende forholdsregler ved infektioner og bærertilstand i sundhedssektoren (Statens Serum Institut, Central Enhed for Infektionshygiejne | 5.1. udgave 2019)

Finland

• Guidance on Infection Prevention and Control of multidrug-resistant organisms (Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 2020)
  Ohje moniresistenttien mikrobien tartunnantorjunnasta (Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitos, 2020)

France

• Actualisation des recommandations relatives à la maîtrise de la diffusion des bactéries hautement résistantes aux antibiotiques émergentes (BHRe) (2020)

Germany

• Hygienemaßnahmen zur Prävention der Infektion durch Enterokokken mit speziellen Antibiotikaresistenzen (2018)

Hungary

• Guidance on prevention of infections caused by multi-resistant pathogens (pages 38-42 and 79-92) (National Center for Epidemiology, 2016)
  Módszertani levél a multirezisztens kórokozók által okozott fertőzések megelőzéséről (oldalok 59 és 64) (Országos Epidemiológiai Központ, 2016)

Iceland

• Skimun, smitrakning og sýkingavarnir vegna sýklalyfjaónæmra baktería í heilbrigðisþjónustu (2019)

Ireland

• Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of multi-drug resistant organisms (MDRO) excluding MRSA in the healthcare setting (MDRO Committee, Health Protection Surveillance Centre, 2014)

Malta

• Policy for preventing transmission of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriales (cre) in non-acute care settings in Malta (including residential, rehabilitation and long-term care institutions (2019)

Norway

• Enterokokkinfeksjon (inkl. vankomycinresistente enterokokker, VRE) – håndbok for helsepersonell (2023)
• Håndtering av vankomycinresistente enterokokker (VRE) ved norske sykehus og sykehjem (2025)

Poland

• Control of the hospital environment to prevent infections with MDR pathogens (National Program for Antibiotic Protection, 2020)
  
  Kontrola środowiska szpitalnego w zapobieganiu zakażeniom wywoływanym przez wieloantybiotykooporne patogeny alarmowe (Narodowy Program Ochrony Antybiotyków, 2020)
   
• Recommendations for microbiological screening of hospitalised patients (National Program for Antibiotic Protection, 2020)
  Zalecenia prowadzenia mikrobiologicznych badań przesiewowych u hospitalizowanych pacjentów (Narodowy Program Ochrony Antybiotyków, 2020)
   
• Infection Prevention and Control in Intensive Care Unit departments (National Program for Antibiotic Protection, 2013)
  Strategia zapobiegania lekooporności w oddziałach intensywnej terapii (Narodowy Program Ochrony Antybiotyków, 2013)

Romania

• Ghid pentru prevenirea și limitarea fenomenului de rezistență la antimicrobiene (AMR) și a infecțiilor asociate asistenței medicale (IAAM) – Microbiologie (2022)

Slovenia

• Professional basis and guidelines for the control and prevention of healthcare-associated infections (2009)

Spain

• Recomendaciones sobre precauciones estándar y precauciones basadas en la transmisión de microorganismos (2017)

Sweden

• Vancomycin-resistant enterococci - VRE (Public Heath Agency of Sweden, 2014)
  Vankomycinresistenta enterokocker – VRE (Folkhälsomyndigheten, 2014)
• VRE Anmälningspliktig och smittspårningspliktig sjukdom (2023)
• VRE (2024)
• Screening for antibiotic-resistant bacteria (Public Heath Agency of Sweden, 2017)
  Screening för antibiotikaresistenta bakterier (Folkhälsomyndigheten, 2017)

Countries outside the EU/EEA

Australia

• Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE): Infection Prevention and Control Clinical Guidelines (Communicable Disease Control Branch, South Australia, 2020)
• Vancomycin-resistant enterococci - VRE (Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care, 2019)

Switzerland

• Temporary expert guidance for healthcare institutions to contain the spread of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in Switzerland (Switzerland, 2018)

United Kingdom

• Control and Management of patients Colonised or Infected with Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) Guideline (NHS Lanarkshire, 2024)