ECDC report identifies key risk factors for carrying parasite that causes Chagas disease in non-endemic countries

Typically associated with Latin America, Chagas disease is now a growing concern in Europe due to congenital transmission and transmission via substances of human origin. The report, A comprehensive systematic review for identifying the risk factors for carrying a Trypanosoma cruzi infection in non-endemic countries, identifies several key risk factors and is particularly relevant to the European context. Individuals born in Latin American countries, especially Bolivia, face a higher risk of carrying T. cruzi. 

In addition to geographical origins, the report highlights other important risk factors, such as a history of living in rural or poor housing conditions in endemic regions, having received blood transfusions or organ transplants in these areas, maternal origin from an endemic country, and having a family history of Chagas disease. Notably, substances of human origin (SoHO) from individuals unknowingly infected with T. cruzi pose a risk to SoHO safety.

ECDC emphasises that understanding these risk factors is crucial for identifying individuals who may be carrying the parasite. This knowledge is vital for timely detection and treatment, which can prevent further transmission of T. cruzi, particularly through SoHO.