In this report, we present an update of the 2020 primary systematic review, to take into account more recent evidence on the efficacy, effectiveness and safety of newer and/or enhanced seasonal influenza vaccines for the prevention of laboratory-confirmed influenza in individuals aged 18 years and over.
This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) covers the period 31 March - 6 April 2024 and includes updates on SARS-CoV-2, cholera, avian influenza A(H5N1), swine influenza A(H1N2) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV).
Since the beginning of 2024, and as of 3 April, no MERS-CoV cases have been reported by WHO or national health authorities. The last reported case was in Saudi Arabia, with date of onset on 26 October 2023.
Avian influenza viruses (AIV) remain prevalent among wild bird populations in the European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA), leading to significant illness in and death of birds.
Between 2 December 2023 and 15 March 2024, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5) outbreaks were reported in domestic (227) and wild (414) birds across 26 countries in Europe.
This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) the period 17-23 March 2024 and includes updates on SARS-CoV-2 variant classification, hepatitis A, pertussis, invasive Group A streptococcal infection, chikungunya, dengue, poliomyelitis, western equine encephalitis and cholera.