The third external evaluation of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) was initiated in 2018, in line with the requirements of the Centre’s Founding Regulation. The final report is now published together with the conclusions and recommendations of the Management Board.
No human cases of avian influenza were reported in the EU/EEA. One human A(H5N1) and another A(H7N9) infection were reported from mainland China. Sporadic human cases of avian influenza A(H5N6) and A(H9N2) were reported.
A recently published study conducted between 2011 and 2018 in China, and based on surveillance data in pigs, identified an emerging genotype 4 (G4) reassortant Eurasian avian-like (EA) A(H1N1) swine influenza virus that contains internal genes from the human A(H1N1)pdm09 and North American triple-reassortant (TR) lineage-derived internal genes.