This document is an update of the joint guidance that was published in 2011 by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA).
This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) covers the period 29 October - 4 November 2023 and includes updates on West Nile virus, the mass gatherings at the Rugby World Cup 2023 and the detection of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in ticks in southern France.
In 2021, 9 of the 23 EU/EEA countries who contributed data reported 47 confirmed congenital syphilis cases. Fourteen countries reported zero cases. For 2020, 10 of the 25 countries that contributed data reported 49 cases.
To improve the understanding of experienced HIV stigma in the community, ECDC initiated an exploratory survey in 2021 to measure HIV-related stigma across Europe and Central Asia.