Substances of human origin (SoHO) is a term referring to a variety of biological materials that can be derived from the human body and are intended for clinical application.
The information contained in this fact sheet is intended for the purpose of general information and should not be used as a substitute for the individual expertise and judgement of healthcare professionals.
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The mpox (monkeypox) virus is transmitted to humans through a bite or direct contact with an infected animal’s blood, body fluids or cutaneous/mucosal lesions.
The majority of HAIs in ICUs are associated with the use of invasive devices (e.g. endotracheal tubes, vascular and urinary catheters), and a significant proportion of these HAIs is considered preventable.
Marburg virus disease (MVD), formerly known as Marburg haemorrhagic fever, is a severe disease in humans caused by Marburg marburgvirus (MARV). Although MVD is uncommon, MARV has the potential to cause epidemics with significant case fatality rates.
Viral hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver caused by a virus. The most common hepatitis viruses in Europe are types A, B, and C (commonly referred to as HAV, HBV and HCV).
Nipah virus (NiV) is an emerging zoonotic virus that can be transmitted to humans from animals (both wild and domestic). Fruit bats of the Pteropodidae family are the natural hosts of Nipah virus. NiV infection can be asymptomatic or mild (subclinical), but it also causes acute respiratory illness and fatal encephalitis.